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Multiply the difference by 8.4 to estimate the distance, in kilometers, from the seismograph station to the epicenter. PS: We do not share personal information or emails with anyone. Activity: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Lecture 3 Damage from the earthquake was widespread, but the actual location of the earthquake (the epicenter) 13. 1. Answer the following questions in the spaces provided. earthquake lab lab: locating the epicenters of earthquakes objective measurable learning outcomes use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Western Governors University Southern New Hampshire University The lag time for any Why might the triangulation method not always produce an exact point (other than your measurement errors)? 9 - Use Figure 5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4 to determine . 0000000956 00000 n surface wave? One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. Triangulation and Magnitude: Student pairs complete the worksheet, which includes following a tutorial/simulation accessed through the Earthquakes Living Lab. activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter The Science of Earthquakes | U.S. Geological Survey An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one . follow our easy steps to get your lab activity locating epicenters answer key well prepared rapidly choose the template in the library enter all necessary information in the required llable areas the 0000002094 00000 n 0000001746 00000 n Success is figuring out that the estimated magnitude is 5.9. www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/csm_findingepicenters_activity1, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/earthquakes/, Click to view other curriculum aligned to this Performance Expectation, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (pdf), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (pdf), Earthquakes Living Lab: FAQs about P Waves, S Waves and More, Seismic Waves: How Earthquakes Move Through the Earth, Earthquakes Living Lab: Designing for Disaster, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/index.php, https://www.newpathonline.com/api_player/enus_54_6304/LXX/index.html. The time 01. Direct students to finish the activity by completing the. A single recording station can only calculate distance, but not direction; to cover all possibilities, a complete circle is drawn around that station. So the difference in the P- and S-wave arrival times determines the distance between the epicenter and a seismometer. Video Guide / Worksheets and Quizzes for Quizzes and Answer Sheet __ 2. Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach theseismic station first. time for any point that is 3,000 miles The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. Specifically, seismographs make recordings (seismograms) of the seismic waves generated from earthquakes, providing engineers and other researchers with data that they use to make predictions about future earthquakes. 107 0 obj <>stream For lower grades, just introduce the concepts of triangulation and the magnitude scale; a thorough understanding of P and S waves is not vital. The real-world earthquake data is viewable via a graphical interface using a scaling map. Yw8SxGk}X3kfTfW& gk`41#'uf7"G\fsN4^8jC7[+%`qFLFKpFc Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Examining Seismograms The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are Pwaves, Swaves, and Surface waves. epicenter of an earthquake, how Encourage them to explore all of the Earthquakes Living Lab as they complete the worksheet. to the lag time measured at this location? 0000002383 00000 n 61 0 obj <> endobj xref Click for facts and worksheets in PDF! Subjects: Earth Sciences, General Science Grades: 5th - 8th Types: Activities, Laboratory What data is used to determine magnitude? What was the lag time (in minutes) at this location? !D,X2:azTG)kPT~Mj 4>d w@O'. Describe the process of triangulation to locate an epicenter. BDF endstream endobj 74 0 obj <>stream The answer is the San Andreas Fault. Was there an initial quake followed by smaller quakes? If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, how would it compare The process is called triangulation. 3. epicenter - the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake. Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis, which are very large waves that can damage coastlines and put coastal residents in danger. These natural disasters may be mitigated, however, by insightful and creative engineering. How does distance from the epicenter affect the S-P time interval? minute apart, represent the passage of time ?t?s=Yt '_( endstream endobj 76 0 obj <>stream 1. If you draw a circle on a map around three different seismographs where the radius of each is the distance from that station to the earthquake, the intersection of those three circles is the epicenter. Finding the epicenter of an Earthquake by Ah - Ha Lessons 5.0 (1) $3.00 PDF Activity This lesson teaches the student the process scientists use to locate the epicenter of an EQ. There are two sets of data and maps to do this activity/ lab for than once. from the epicenter will be 14 8. Explain the difference between S and P waves, and how their time interval is used to determine the epicenter location. Quick Tips. Privacy Policy, Seismograms from seismic stations in Fresno, CA, Phoenix, AZ, and Las Vegas, NV, A modified travel time curve for S-P wave, A Modified Travel Time Curve for S-P Wave. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, The period of a wave is the time between two adj, How does the period of the P waves compare to t. Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. Students first triangulate the location of an earthquake's epicenter, then calculate its magnitude. minutes = 6 minutes. Get the inside scoop on all things TeachEngineering such as new site features, curriculum updates, video releases, and more by signing up for our newsletter! Refer to the data table and use the difference in arrival times to determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter for Station 2. 0000000856 00000 n Several thousand seismographs exist at locations around the planet, continuously measuring abnormalities in the Earth's movement. What types of engineers might use this data the most? 0000001675 00000 n Direct student pairs to independently complete the tutorial/simulation to find an epicenter location via the triangulation method and compute the earthquake magnitude: The simulation directs students to look at three simplified seismograms from seismic stations in Chile (Talca, Santiago, Osorno) and select the correct measurements of the S-P intervals. Add to FlexBook Textbook. What is the endstream endobj 84 0 obj <> endobj 85 0 obj <> endobj 86 0 obj <>stream HTn0MmcHCB Focal Depth. Details. 500p;333aXb3 \a.1. Find 23 millimeters on the right side of the chart and mark that point. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 During an earthquake, seismic waves are sent all over the globe. Resources. Students learn about factors that engineers take into consideration when designing buildings for earthquake-prone regions. Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video - shake, shake, shake. In this 1-to-10 logarithmic scale, each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. ' endstream endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj [85 0 R] endobj 71 0 obj <> endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream 0000030504 00000 n Y$Kr;V6[;Dq vg~cx:A[^jCssupwD endstream endobj 80 0 obj <> endobj 81 0 obj <>stream Last modified July 18, 2012. Explains how to find an earthquake epicenter using at least three seismograph stations. (5 minutes) Discuss how gathering information on epicenters can be applied. Record your answer from Lab Exercise #2, Step 1. inch = 500 km. 0000106240 00000 n The American Geosciences Institute represents and serves the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to connect Earth, science, and people. Question: ACTIVITY 2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations-New York; Nome, Alaska; and Mexico City. Shear wave from earthquake, moving slower than primary waves, through solid material only. 0000001978 00000 n triangulation: A method to determine exactly where an earthquake originates. trailer <<0444DE89825047A1A483C62E98F50868>]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 114 0 obj <>stream Conclude the activity with a class discussion (and perhaps homework questions) to share ideas and answers, as described in the Assessment section. The epicenter is the point directly above it at the surface of the Earth. Swaves arrive at the seismic station after the Pwaves. All rights reserved. The uses of technologies and any limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values; by the findings of scientific research; and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions. 0000004511 00000 n Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake In this lab exercise, you will locate the epicenter of an earthquake. Contact the teacher to find out the length of the class period, as well as how many copies of handouts and sets of materials you need to bring. HTn {0,`K6}(J6]&Q^"!q57y_VQ9fp3/?Mc=KGsrrt:c\$Lh`4}>C>`qcSj0[YpZ_Su(322/N Z./$E )H %C[5ph[BUyGh7|!XPQiDjJ(|BNvylk+g;9G(#Aby>Jcf`XmnwtDD+;Z^I&Sb-4!7oi` L7 endstream endobj 78 0 obj <> endobj 79 0 obj <>stream I also will take them through the general process of how find the difference in arrival times of p- and s-waves can be used to find a distance to an earthquake and how using data from 3 seismograph stations is used to locate the epicenter. 0000004224 00000 n consider a seismograph stationed 3, Expert Answer. 83 0 obj <> endobj The travel-time graph To complete the activity, some prior . 0000103591 00000 n Epicenter. hbbd``b`$C`q9 X_$_g`bdxc`X 9 - Do you agree with this alignment? Mark the first arrival of the swave on each seismogram. ya{I;W@DgMN2:UtbT=*+cY1.8Vm(u3Zt"J @9TAjJH@H_F3n7\Srdw~gAR#JQGj`ueS! The magnitude determination is based on seismic data. Do you think we will someday be able to prevent earthquakes? Introduction: Before student pairs look at the Earthquakes Living Lab, direct them to complete the Engage section of the Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, which asks them to apply any prior knowledge and/or speculate as to what the Richter magnitude scale is and what an epicenter is. atrial depolarization. Though the distance to the epicenter can be determined using a travel-time graph, the direction cannot be told. 0000001861 00000 n at that station. 61 33 For example, 0000002840 00000 n The longer the time between the arrival of the P-wave and S-wave, the farther away is the epicenter. Finally, the location of the 3 seismographs are placed on a map and the distance to the epicenter is used to draw a circle with an origin at each seismograph and a radius equal to the distance to the epicenter as taken from each seismogram. 13 4 locating an earthquake epicenter geosciences libretexts . farther from the epicenter of an earthquake? We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. It's a logarithmic scale from 1 to 10 with each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Short for "primary wave" or "pressure wave." Students also investigate which structural designs are most likely to survive an earthquake. It takes S waves 14. P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake your answers below. How does the Mad Scientist. travel time for P waves. As you may know, people have look numerous times for . 0000003254 00000 n earthquake though). and S waves to travel any distance up to 0000002544 00000 n 0000008088 00000 n An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. Do limits exist on what science can predict? The period of P waves is shorter, than the period of surface waves. Reading Strategy. Activity4:LocatinganEarthquakeEpicenter Objectives:Ifyoucompletealltheproblems,youshouldbeableto: Identif Cross), Give Me Liberty! By looking at the time between the arrivals of the P- and S-waves, one can determine the distance to the earthquake from that station, with longer time intervals indicating longer distance. 0 earthquake. determine the epicenter using the S P (S minus P) method. 0000004060 00000 n This opens a new window to Michigan Techs UPSeis informational site about earthquakes and seismology. The farther a station is from the epicenter, the longer the lag time measured 0000001143 00000 n Ch Person/Attorney Filing: - Superior Court - Maricopa County - superiorcourt maricopa. Dochub is the best editor for changing your documents online. 0000009174 00000 n Figure 8. 0000033429 00000 n seismograph: An instrument that measures motions of the ground, including those of seismic waves generated by earthquakes. Another method of locating an earthquake is to use the P-wave arrival-time minus origin-time (P - O) interval instead of distance. The, amount of time that passes between the Pwave arrival and the Swave arrival is. (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). 3000 miles. hb```f``Rl@ (l"`+uk?0.a~@6Vm;| G3f`75@v@Wz|A4#w9{(` ) 0000030240 00000 n (, Have any of you ever experienced an earthquake or know anyone who has? 0000055643 00000 n minutes? Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answers Thank you for reading Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answers . In this activity, the epicenter of the earthquake is in the center of Los Angeles, CA. Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move through the Earth. waves from a distant earthquake. 12 Earthquake Location Lab Answer Key (PDF) - skislah.edu Web12-earthquake-location-lab-answer-key 1/1 Downloaded from skislah.edu.my on February 15, 2023 by guest 12 Earthquake Location Lab Answer Key Right here, we have countless ebook 12 Earthquake Location Lab Answer Key and collections to check out. 12), Analyze and interpret data about natural hazards using direct and indirect evidence 9 - The arrival of seismic waves will be recognized by an increase in amplitude look for a pattern change as lines get taller and more closely spaced (ex. 0000007783 00000 n S wave: The second seismic wave of an earthquake. This worksheet focuses on using the p and s graph to find different variables. Zip. The nations most famous fault is the San Andreas Fault, which runs along a north-south trend in southern California, and happens to run directly through Los Angeles. 0000001604 00000 n [N'. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. Locating an Epicenter through Triangulation of Seismic Data- Remote/Hybrid/Live. %PDF-1.3 % xb``d``Id`a`Ab@_ :iWGi>|q` As you read and complete the activity, take notes so you can complete the. What did it feel like? The hypocenter is the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts. 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To accurately locate an earthquake epicenter, records from three. Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus. The western U.S. has more faults than the eastern U.S., and therefore the western U.S. has more earthquakes. Scientists use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake. Share with Classes. The USGS now uses the MMS to estimate magnitudes for all modern large earthquakes. Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake - SE Asia a foldable activity, slide presentation to guide reading, and an answer key! The three seismograms in this activity are unfi ltered station records from a single event that occurred on August 1, 1999. The point of origin of an earthquake is called its focus and the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. If you can't find an answer to your question, please contact us. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. 87 0 obj <> endobj xref 87 28 0000000016 00000 n In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. Adjust the timing to the class period, remembering that you will need time to introduce the investigation, clean up afterwards, and re-set up for the next class (if you are working with more than one class). Must engineers be content with mitigating disasters, instead of preventing them? Choose an answer and hit 'next'. 4. fault - a fracture in Earth's crust where the rocks on either side have moved. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake. d>(ZvO= They use three seismographs in a process called triangulation to determine earthquake epicenters. Now on the main page of the Earthquakes Living Lab website (see Figure 2), note the featuring of four active seismic areas and the mapping of real-time and current data from earthquakes happening around the world. 0000001396 00000 n 0000031066 00000 n You learned that seismologists determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter using the difference between S and P wave arrival times. Make changes to the sample. Earthquakes occur along faults, which are cracks in the Earths crust that build tension. 0000030968 00000 n What is an earthquake? : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and. If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. earthquakes. 0000001408 00000 n For this activity, select the "Chile" box. Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. trailer <<320C1F98F8FF4795B5CCB8D9E9A0B99B>]/Prev 812054/XRefStm 1396>> startxref 0 %%EOF 93 0 obj <>stream Figure 2 is a seismic wave travel-time Accessed December 11, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale, Novak, Gary. What is an earthquake? hb```b````e``n`d@ A 'EF''oquE"ky#:}m;9JmkPt~=unFHy&|X:70 vILZ*|%6mD! HS]o01j6R0iMm4U=wL8]BE< Earth and Space, Physical Science, A process called triangulation uses seismic data from three locations to identify the epicenter of an earthquake.copyrightCopyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. 0000078100 00000 n HS-PS4-1. Geology Labs On-Line, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA. 0000115324 00000 n Using 3 seismograms the students will be able to triangulate the epicenter of an earthquake. Free K-12 standards-aligned STEM curriculum for educators everywhere. This page titled 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Deline, Harris & Tefend (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) . Assess their understanding based on the thoroughness of their answers. Three seismographs are needed. As discussed earlier in this lesson, this method of determining the epicenter of an . Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video shake, shake, shake. It is called triangulation because a triangle has three sides, and it takes three seismographs to locate an earthquake. A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. Doing this generates an S-P interval graph (time vs. distance, called the travel-time curve graph) from which they determine and select three epicentral distances. https://people.wou.edu/~taylors/gs104/lab5key.pdf Locating Earthquake Epicenters | CK-12 Foundation Apr 8, 2020 . locate and label the epicenter of the earthquake on this map. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). When an earthquake strikes, P waves arrive at a seismograph rst and S waves next. 0000005544 00000 n Question 5 of 22 4.55/ 4.55 Points Questions 5 through 11 are based on Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake. 0000002658 00000 n Add to Library. Earthquakes & Volcanoes Test Review Answers. 12), Evaluate ways that technology can impact individuals, society, and the environment. Ask students what fault they think caused this earthquake. When the tension becomes too great, the fault slips, causing an earthquake. The magnitude is the logarithm of the amplitude of the ground wave. Download. 2. Overhead transparency of each of the handouts, Overhead projector (contact classroom teacher about this) and screen, Optional: overhead transparency or PowerPoint of, What do you know about the causes and impacts of Earthquakes? It shows the time required for P Nov 2, 2020 Triangulation is used to determine the location of an earthquake. The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), established by Congress in 1977, and the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) was established by Congress as a NEHRP facility. 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[83 25]/Info 82 0 R/Length 62/Prev 466624/Root 84 0 R/Size 108/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream graph. We have answers to the most popular questions from our customers. Key Facts & Information. Place a ruler (or straight edge) on the chart between the points you marked for the distance to the epicenter and the amplitude. Sixty-seven people lost their lives, and property damage was estimated at $6 billion. 2. P wave: The first seismic wave of an earthquake. Students learn what causes earthquakes, how we measure and locate them, and their effects and consequences. Activity 4 Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Answers: Fill Out & Sign . 0000007097 00000 n directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. H\0y CH 02 HW - Chapter 2 physics homework for Mastering, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1, Use a travel-time graph to convert lag time into distance.