In this novel, I find that culture and religion greatly influence a persons life, actions, and personal emotions. With so many varieties available, it can be hard to decide which one is best for your climate and taste preferences. The novels plot centres around interactions between Amir and his friend Hassan along with the struggles they face in their lives. The Taliban gave Gulsom two days to leave her home with her husband and their three young daughters. The Pashtuns and Hazaras are two particular ethnic groups that have clashed throughout history. Therefore, it can be concluded that racial discrimination is harmful to the people and society because it teaches people to make judgments about others in terms of group-based expectations or standards. Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire in the early 16th century, records the name "Hazara" in Baburnama, and he has mentioned "Hazara" as "Turkoman Hazaras" several times. They generally reside in Southeastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. The most common clothing is called perahan-u-tunban, which is similar to pajamas. Since then the Hazara have faced significant marginalization, persecution, and displacement, perhaps most zealously by the Taliban in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. >, Racial Discrimination Towards the Hazaras as Reflected in Khaled Hosseini's the Kite Runner, RIS (Mendeley, Zotero, EndNote, RefWorks), The Consummate Love of Hazel Grace as Reflected in the Fault in Our Stars Movie, Konflik Psikologis Sara Crewe Dalam Novel a Little Princess Karya Frances Hodgson Burnett, Person Deixis in Sby's Speech at Harvard University. There are different schools of thought, says Ruttig. Though, one can easily identify their ethnic group by their looks and appearance they possess. Menu. Hassan later on gets killed for being a Hazara. The Pashtuns had lighter skin, hair and eyes. Before the Taliban took over Kabul, Assef tormented Hassan and Amir because Hassan was a Hazara and Amir Associated himself with Hassan. Living primarily in the rugged highlands in the country's centre, the Hazaras are one of Afghanistan's largest ethnic minorities, accounting for up to 20 percent of Afghanistan . Sign in|Recent Site Activity|Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered By Google Sites. Their ethnic differences tore them apart causing a great deal of discrimination and cruelty. In the novel The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini purposely utilizes setting to play a pivotal role in the portrayal of an important focus when narrating a post 9/11 Afghan and American novel. Therefore, discrimination and slander towards Hazaras in the novel gives a strong sense of unequalness among the two ethnicities, Pashtuns and Hazaras, and is not considered virtuous among societies today. Hazaras are also considered to be Turko-Mongol as they look like Mongolians and East Asians whereas they share a cultural background with the Turkic people of Central Asia. At least six people were killed and scores more injured after a suicide bomber detonated his explosives-laden vest near a Hazara protest demonstration in Kabul on November 12. The views expressed in this article are the authors own and do not necessarily reflect Al Jazeeras editorial stance. Hazaras and Pushtons are two different ethnic groups of Afghanistan. Even in America, Amir tries to bury his past, but he is always reminded of it. Unfortunately, these problems are still active in most of Afghanistan. Amir is exposed to unkindness toward Hazaras throughout his childhood. Due to Hassan being a Hazara, Baba avoids social embarrassment by not exposing the truth of Hassan being his son. Hazaras live in the central mountains of Afghanistan. The Hazara speak an eastern variety of Persian called Hazaragi with many Mongolian and Turkic words. Unfortunately, the Taliban continued to harass and murder the Hazara people while they were in power. Parehan-u-tunban, similar to pajamas. Their Asiatic features and language a dialect of Persian set them apart from other Afghans, including the predominant ethnic Pashtun. Poverty in the region and ongoing conflict since the Afghan War (197892) have dispersed many of the Hazara throughout Afghanistan. In October, the bombing of a Hazara mosque in Kunduz resulted in the death of more than100 people. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. There is no single theory about the acceptance of the Shia Islam by the Hazaras. It seems like everywhere, Amir, the protagonist, looks society seems into two parts. Amir is a Pashtun, with a higher status and his servant , Hassan, is a Hazara. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini is a commentary on the social conditions in Afghanistan as shown through the roles of women and men in society and the ideals of Afghan culture. Each person interprets the impact of the role of belief and social status differently, while all living in the same setting, adding to their complexity and depth as a character in the novel with many different figures tied together by the same geographical and cultural conditions. Social status allows the powerful to gain more power, while pushing the struggling deeper into a hole. You put a Pashtun next to a sindhi or us next to a tamil. Hundreds have been killed and thousands displaced by the fighting, which began in late October. similarities between pashtuns and hazaras. Shujae had gone into the areas the Taliban had banned him from traveling to. One of the major differences between them is that they both generally follow different branches of Islam and thus their fundamental principles are different. The Pashtuns danced on [the] street, (Hosseini 200) while the Hazaras cried God help the Hazaras now (Hosseini 213). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. They were viewed differently because of their Mongolian features and unknown history. Paul Kane High School - English 30-1 - Kite Runner, Pashtun and Hazara are two words that are use a fair amount in the novel. In Afghanistan, Hazarasthe ethnic minorityhave experienced ethnic discrimination by Pashtunsthe ethnic majoritybecause of a revolt dating back to the 18th century.Another form of discrimination in Afghanistan arises from the distinct religious groupsShiite and Sunni Muslims. Hazaras are looked down upon due to their differences in appearance and beliefs. The US-led invasion of Afghanistan, which toppled the Taliban regime, brought new hopes for the Hazara people. Hosseini breaks down post 9/11 stereotypes by showing that a person's socio-economic class or ethnic group does not determine their ability to form friendships, feel guilt and seek redemption. incomprehensible extent. similarities between pashtuns and hazarasmainstreet organization of realtors locations. The Hazaras are discriminated against and looked down upon. Their forceful and brutal integration into the nascent Afghan state by Abd al-Ramn Khns predominantly Pashtun armies sowed the seeds of lasting enmity between the Shii Hazara and the Sunni Pashtuns on both religious and ethnic grounds. Also the two groups have different ethnic cultures as well as speak different languages. Over the years, people, not only in Afghanistan, but around the world create norms that define peoples roles in life, their future, and how they should be treated based on their gender and beliefs. To secure guarantees of Hazara rights and protection, it can leverage the aid the Taliban has requested. Hundreds have died in the attacks, which have targeted Hazara protests, Shiite mosques, and shrines. While the Taliban and other armed groups are targeting and committing human rights violations against the people of Afghanistan, the Hazara ethnic and religious population is especially athighrisk. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. cousins seem to be less common among the Hazaras than marriages between cross-cousins.12 In Pashto, tarbor means both "paternal cousin" and "rival."913 This word is known and used by Hazaras from Jaghori and Qarabagh. Despite being one of the principal population elements of Afghanistan, the origins of the Hazara people have not been fully reconstructed. In Kabul, the people have accepted the social classes and are not afraid to be violent with the Hazaras to get what they want. Pashtun as the majority race and ethnic in Afghanistan is Sunni Moslem while Hazara is Shi'a. Fortunately, there are a few steps you can take to prevent and, Honour Nursing Professionals and Support American Farming Heritage with The Nightingale Project & True North 2022, The Nightingale Project and True North 2022: Celebrating Nurses and Preserving American Farming Heritage We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. They both have many differences, whether it is the major language they speak or the traditions they follow. The religious and cultural definition requires Pashtuns to be Muslim and follow the Pashtunwali codes. The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, although fiction, engages and allows the reader to have an inside view on the Afghani religion and culture. The only hope for the Hazara people is that the international community will stay true to its own commitments to human rights and pressure the Taliban into concessions. Key Difference: Hazaras are members of an Afghan ethnic minority group, whereas the Pashtuns are a united group of tribes composing the largest ethnic group of Afghanistan. "They [IS] were attempting to pave the way for an ethnic war between Afghan ethnic groups, which prompted the Taliban to intervene." His best friend Hassan lives with him and is his best friend. Hazara people are minorities in Afghanistan, as they are Persian speaking, and they usually live in the center of the country. Pashtuns and Hazaras differ in terms of religious beliefs, cultural practices, social status, and physical appearances. For people living here, it is clear there was an understanding between Hazaras and the Taliban for the past 17 years, he told Radio Free Afghanistan. Other reason why the Hazaras have been discriminated by Pashtun is their appearance that look like Chinese people. The Sunni and Shia use the same religious text, the Quran, however they have different beliefs about the teachings of Mohammed and later philosophers outside of the Quran. The Taliban, just because they believe they are a higher class then Hazara, kill Hassan like it was routine. Interviews with several Ghazni residents established that under such an understanding the Taliban allowed schools, other government institutions, services, and projects to function unhindered in Hazara communities while preventing them from operating in Pashtun-populated regions. June 22, 2022 . Yet in the following years, the political space they were given in the country did not reflect the proportion of the population they constituted. Hazara youth were quick to embrace all forms of education and emerged at the forefront of social change initiatives, while Hazara women pushed for womens emancipation. Updates? In August of the same year, Taliban fighters captured Mazar-e Sharif, a city in northern Afghanistan, going on a rampage targeting Tajiks, Uzbeks and particularly,Hazaras. This shows the hatred and disgust that the Sunni Muslims have for the Shia, and that the Sunni see the Shia as intruders that dont belong in Afghanistan. Other reason why the Hazaras have been discriminated by Pashtun is their appearance that look like Chinese people. Assef bullies Hassan to show him his place as a minority in Afghanistan. That is why people, like Assef, thought that they could treat . Each identity played a unique part in Amirs life. He does this by developing universal themes which demonstrate that Afghans and Americans. Despite their growing political clout, many Hazaras continue to feel discriminated against. The Hazara people felt like their rights were being violated, so they fought back, unfortunately; more than 60% of the Hazara people were sold and killed while fighting for their rights. And its fighters made good on such threats. In Mazar-e-Sharif, a local Taliban court decided to expel some 2,000 families, again based on false claims that they do not own their homes. 1 What are the main differences between the Pashtuns and Hazaras? A Pashtun is the other ethnic group in Afghanistan, and this is also the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan. Many decades ago there was a leader named Abdur Rahman Khan, who despised the Hazara people and favored the Pashtun people. The Pashtuns are of the Sunni religion whereas the Hazaras are the Shia, however both groups are considered Muslims; this is similar to Protestants and Catholics within Christianity. This idea explains the main injustice that Hosseini presents the reader, conflicts between the religion of the Hazaras and Pashtuns. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini, explores the difficulties of Amirs friendships and relationships of himself to be committed to others while struggling with loyalty by using contextual Afghan traditional culture and history to influence the textual meaning of the storyline. They are considered to be from herders community. The Hazaras form a minority group of Afghanistan, and thus are persecuted by the majority groups. The Pashtuns have been dominant in Afghanistan and believe that they should be the only ones to reside in Afghanistan, which creates an influx of hatred between the two religions. The main differences between the Pashtun's and the Hazara's is the Pashtun's are Sunni Muslim while Hazzara's are Shiite Muslims. They tell stories of their history, their ancestors, and their heroes. Hazaras are genetically different than Pashtuns & Tajiks and generally have Mongolic looks which is closer to Turkmen & Uzbeks. The Buddhas of Bamiyan were gigantic statues hewn into rock in 6th century AD, when the area was a pilgrimage site for Buddhists. Difference Between | Descriptive Analysis and Comparisons, Counterintelligence Investigation vs Criminal Investigation. By creating tense situations that originate, whether consciously or subconsciously within the characters, the author uses these conflicts to illustrate the impacts that stem from the masculine stereotypes associated with Afghan culture, the dire need for a fathers approval, and the ongoing effects of a childs jealousy. Lantern, vol. Adult males wear turbans known as pagray. However, sometimes when sliced open, white rings can appear in the flesh, a disorder known as "internal white tissue." Hazaras are considered as Persian speaking people and they mainly inhabit central Afghanistan. The difference in ethnic roots and religious beliefs between Pashtuns and Hazaras has led to a centuries-long feud between the two groups. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The Uzbek dancers Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 2023 RFE/RL, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Millions of people around the world are discriminated against, but Hazaras and Shias especially know the struggle of this, constantly being put at the bottom of the social class and knowing unfair treatment all too well. Pashtuns and Hazaras differ in terms of religious beliefs, cultural practices, social status, and physical appearances. The Pashtuns make up over 40 percent of the population . He is the author of The Pashtun Question: The Unresolved Key To The Future Of Pakistan And Afghanistan. "They particularly targeted the Hazaras and repeatedly kidnapped them. Hassans looks and and social standing are solely because he is a Hazara, and it something that all Hazaras can not stray from. Difference Between Pashtun And Hazara. This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. In 2015, Taliban militants killed dissident Taliban commander Mansoor Dadullah. In his novel, The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini depicts his homeland Afghanistan as a host to many different cultures and classes, such as Pashtun and Hazara, Sunni and Shiite, with this dichotomy of beliefs and attributes being powerful enough to shape diverse, sometimes negative relationships amongst the characters of the novel and their behavior to each other, as well as establish that individuals identity. In recent weeks, Hazaras travelling in civilian vehicles have been abducted and executed by Taliban fighters. They are Islam and mostly speak Dari as well as Pashtu, Turkic, and Baluchi. Pashtun as the majority race and ethnic in Afghanistan is Sunni Moslem while Hazara is Shi'a. They both come from different sections of the society, therefore they vary in various aspects which are discussed in this article. Pashtuns, unlike the Hazaras, speak the language of Pashto and are Sunni Muslims. The main character of the book is Amir, who is also the narrator of the story. Hosseini uses symbols, antithesis, and visual imagery to convey the unequal treatment of people in Afghanistan based on what ethnic group they belong to . Living primarily in the rugged highlands in the countrys centre, the Hazaras are one of Afghanistans largest ethnic minorities, accounting for up to 20 percent of Afghanistans 30 million inhabitants. They generally reside in Southeastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. In 1998, as the armed group was attempting to establish full control over Afghanistan, it laid a siege on Hazarajat, blocking supply routes andstarvingthe civilian population. Big diffrence, in language, attitude, belifs, ways of doing things, culture and even looks. While the Hazaras are primarily Shia Muslims, most Afghans follow the Sunni branch of Islam. The return of the Taliban to power in Kabul has meant not only a rollback of the limited social gains the Hazaras had achieved, but also new atrocities against the community. In reality Amir is Hassans owner. Due to the persecution of the Hazara people in Afghanistan and Pakistan, in 2012 he sought asylum by boat in Australia. In Afghanistan, there is a divide between the Pashtuns and the Hazaras; the Pashtuns are upper class citizens who are treated with respect while the Hazaras are lower class, minority citizens who are treated poorly. However, due to genetic and linguistic a It is one that is bittered by a lot of grievance and sometimes outright hatred but calmed and humanized by the realities of the world. Mentioned among the Basseri and the Shahsevan of Iran, Footnote 16 this practice also existed in Afghanistan before 1978 between Pashtun nomads and Hazara farmers, even though their relations were often tense. Baba, Assef, and Hassan were major influences upon Amirs growth throughout the book; their differences shaped Amir into the man he later became as all three represented a different side of Afghan society. Hazaras believe in the superstitions that are common in the country. Significant communities of Hazara also exist in Iran and Baluchistan (Pakistan). Pashtun and hazara similarities between christianity. If we are united no one would dare to break us. For example, government policies have excluded them from public service and capped their ranks in the military. Lets get united and defend our land and love ones from our enemies. Yet, despite their growing political clout, many Hazaras continue to feel discriminated against. Some of the ethnic groups of the Afghanistan are Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, Aimak, Turkmen, Baloch, Pashai and many more. Why Are The Taliban Attacking Hazaras In Afghanistan? These gains in education and social standing have encouraged the community to mobilise and demand an end to discrimination and a greater political space. The tragedy brought thousands on to the streets of Kabul to protest against the increasing violence towards Hazaras. Traditional male dress is qmis, a loose lengthy fitting shirt and salwar. If there was a Hazara residing in Kabul, the rumour was that he was either a beggar, servant or even both. Upon reading this quote, readers understand that the Pashtuns are the superior authority, treating the Hazaras like a plain servant in which they do all the chores and cleaning in the household. In Afghanistan, the Hazaras have been racially oppressed since the time that they arrived. The Pashtuns are of the Sunni religion whereas the Hazaras are the Shia, however both groups are considered Muslims; this is similar to Protestants and Catholics within Christianity. The 25-year-old and her family were one of hundreds of Hazara families forcibly evicted from . The emphasis placed upon the discrimination of Hazaras by the Pashtuns not only informs the readers of the socio-economic relations in Afghanistan but also addresses a parallelism of harm towards Afghanis from Americans. Afghan authorities say the recent fighting has forced more than 1,000 Hazara families to seek shelter in the city of Ghazni, the capital of the province with the same name. The Taliban regime is accused of harshly persecuting the beleaguered minority during its stint in power in the 1990s. Until the 1970s, a large percentage of the Hazara populationcould notaccess higher education, enrol in the army or secure higher-level government jobs. Pashtunwali is regarded to exist for almost 2000 years but it has undergone some changes. Indeed, the main stakes and conflicts arise among the heirs of the same man, especially among sedentary farmers. One of the most important dilemmas was the ethnic differences between the Pashtuns and the Hazaras. 2020 marks both the International Year of the Nurse and Florence Nightingale's 200th birthday, making it the perfect time to recognize and celebrate the brave and selfless nurses all over the world. Mutmaeen says the episode generated some goodwill between the Taliban and the Hazaras. What kind of religion are the Hazaras of Afghanistan? similarities between pashtuns and hazaras steve dulcich vineyard June 23, 2022. how much is the wimbledon trophy worth . When the post-Taliban governance of Afghanistan was being set up at the Bonn Conference of 2001, Hazaras were estimated to make up 19 percent of the countrys population. Hazaras are not Muslims, you can kill them, Taliban commander Maulawi Mohammed Hanif reportedly told a crowd in Northern Afghanistan in the mid-1990s. The Taliban leadership may have moderated its rhetoric to please the international community, claiming that it will protect all ethnic groups, but it has done nothing to stem the growing number of crimes being committed by its fighters. Pashtu, written in the Perso-Arabic script. Early Sweet Pepper Varieties: Which is Best for Your Climate and Taste? From his childhood in Kabul ,Afghanistan, to living in America, there has been an invisible border restricting two parties from establishing into one. Hello Zendabode! For centuries, the stone sentinels stood watch over the Silk Road. Particularly in 1888 - 1893, Pashtuns carried out ethnic cleansing of the Hazaras, killed more than half of their population, and enslaved thousands of them. Over the following decades, Hazarascontinuedto face repression, discrimination and socio-economic marginalisation. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Fake info, the most hazaras are soennie muslim. The dreadful social division between the two groups led to the Pashtuns gaining higher social rankings than the Hazaras and were able to receive.